A Student Taking a Gap Year is Conceivable Essay - 1670 Words

The Gap year, taking a year off from college to work, travel or volunteer, has been growing in popularity in recent years in the US. This practice began in Britain in the 1960’s, and has spread to other parts of the world. Deciding to take Gap year after graduating high school, during or after college is a realistic alternative for students who are unsure of their true aspirations for the future. Having this time is a worthwhile and sometimes life-changing alternative, when the student feels bored or burnt out and looking for a break from the demands of school and learning. During this Gap year, students can engage in: advanced academic courses, language studies, learning a trade, volunteer, travel and work, internships, sports and more.†¦show more content†¦This helps a student to be more focused and better prepared for the rigors of academic life. According to the article â€Å"Gap year†, it is a fulfilling time for high school graduates. Young people who tak e a year off, have already encountered some liberties; then go on to college and are less likely to head for the nearest keg. Students are more directed academically because they have spent some time thinking and growing up (Simpson). When students plan to attend college, it is preferable to apply and get accepted, and then ask for a one year deferment, experts say. Many schools allow or even encourage students to defer their admission while taking their Gap year (Torpey 30). The Center of Interim Programs (CIP - Founded in 1980) is the ideal place for a young adult to search for a wide range of gap-year opportunities. CIP has developed and built relationships with over 6,000 programs worldwide; guiding people through the process of identifying reputable placements, securing those placements, and adjusting to the changes that inevitably happens as individuals take on new experiences that rejuvenate their lives. Examples of options available are: volunteering, jobs, language schools, wilderness excursions, research trips and much more. A very popular choice for students to gain invaluable talents, is AmeriCorps (Domestic), and the Peace Corps (Overseas – over 60 countries). Both these organizations are highly recommended places toShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Assessments Applying Understanding Yield Results1520 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics of Assessments—Applying Understanding to Yield Results Educators evaluate students to increase measurable data with respect to maintenance of information; consequently, to build seeing about whether the amount of material exhibited is appreciated. On the other hand, it is indispensable to acquire target estimation information to bolster vital instructive choices, for example, instructional strategies, evaluating, diagnostics, position, direction, educational module guides, and authoritativeRead MoreBiography Of David Guterson s The Other1909 Words   |  8 PagesAlexander Duan Kellie Oydna Honors American Literature 27 May 2016 Junior Paper From the 1970s through the 1990s, for the first time in America, a significant generational gap, followed closely by a second. As each generation sought to further its own interests, rifts developed between the old and the new as their goals diverged. As a result, there would be significant opposition between the generations to an extent not seen before. The first of these struggles would occur between those of the GreatestRead MoreWorld Faces A Big Crisis Essay2111 Words   |  9 Pagescrisis in learning and education. In 21st century when technology became inseparable part of daily life, it is complicated to teach or find what to explain students in terms of lesson. As earth, technology and people develop, humans’ brain structure, methods of living and learning changes too. While drastic change occurs, it is hard to provide student with efficient education. Old methods which has been used for elder generations are ineffective for new generation. The process of understanding , way ofRead MoreThe Lack Of Male Primary School Teachers2492 Words   |  10 Pagesabout positive male role models. The General Teaching Council for England statistics show that in March 2013, only 26,208 men were working as primary school teachers, compared to 185,023 women - and the proportions are virtually unchanged since last year. In Scotland only 8% of primary school teachers are male, while about 15% are male in Northern Ireland. Within my dissertation, I plot to not only research why there are very few male primary teachers within the UK, but try to dissect the questionRead MoreCapital Punishment and Social Issues2296 Words   |  9 Pagespenalty believe society is better off by riding the world of the influence of these murderers. Even by allowing a murderer to have a life sentence in prison is a threat to the prison staff that is responsible for these individuals. It is quite conceivable for a prison staff or fellow inmate who has been successfully rehabilitated to be murdered. Therefore, supports of the death penalty believe it is better to simply initiate the capital punishment altogether (Bedau Cassell, 2004, p. 69). OpponentsRead More Affirmative Action Essay4755 Words   |  20 Pagesentirely from minorities as a surprising 51% of whites shared the same opinion. What these figures suggest is that the issue might not necessarily be giving advantages to certain minorities, but rather increasing the importance of diversity. It is conceivable that if a race were asked if it wanted to be given advantages, much more than half of the sample would answer yes. Other public opinion surveys, however, show that more is at stake than just advantages. In 1999, a majority of Americans agreed thatRead MoreSelf Case - Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc.6096 Words   |  25 PagesCase 2: Analysis of Alternatives Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Institution: University Gadjah Mada Program: Master of Management Course: Risk Management Tutor: Mrs. Erni Ekawati, PhD. Title: Case 2: Analysis of Options Subtitle: Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Date: November 17, 2008 Place: Yogyakarta Authors: Martin Koopman Doddy Handaryadi Anindito Prabowo Gumirlang Wicaksono Introduction This report describes the situation whichRead MoreSelf Case - Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc.6103 Words   |  25 PagesCase 2: Analysis of Alternatives Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Institution: University Gadjah Mada Program: Master of Management Course: Risk Management Tutor: Mrs. Erni Ekawati, PhD. Title: Case 2: Analysis of Options Subtitle: Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Date: November 17, 2008 Place: Yogyakarta Authors: Martin Koopman Doddy Handaryadi Anindito Prabowo Gumirlang Wicaksono Introduction This report describes the situation which Rick Melnick faces inRead MoreTask 1 : Safe Working Practices2157 Words   |  9 Pagessome of the routes in labs which can happen all of a sudden, e.g. from heavy objects or sharp objects, for example, glass slides, scissors or forceps, being dropped. †¢ Suitable gloves ought to be worn when taking care of exceptionally hot, extremely frosty, sharp or hazardous chemicals. For taking care of chemicals, the decision of glove material is essential †¢ Ear protection is accessible and ought to be worn when utilising noisy equipment. †¢ Dust masks are available from stores for use when dustRead MoreEnglish As A Medium Instruction Essay6511 Words   |  27 Pagesas a medium of instruction (MOI) for students whose home language was Canadian English. CBI had a similar principle to immersion which L2 is a medium of instruction. However, CBI showed a marked difference in characteristics when it had three models of teaching from the mainstream curriculum (Brinton, Snow, Wesche, 1989; Davies, 2003). The first model was theme-based language, of which content and language specialists created learning topics based on students’ preference. The second model was adjunct

General Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited Free Essays

string(164) " by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending\." Page 1 of 53 1. 0. Introduction Now a day present world especially the Asian countries are going through an economic recession. We will write a custom essay sample on General Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though the Asian economic crisis began few years back and it is somehow tackled today but the 11 September incident aggravated the disorder in the economic infrastructure of our country. Our economy is much dependent on foreign aids. The World Trade Centre incident created a negative impact on our economy as the foreign aids to Bangladesh have been reduced a lot. Therefore the government is trying to deal the economic crisis by generating revenue internally. In this aspect the importance of the financial sector, particularly banking sector is emphasized. But the banking sector of our country is already overburdened with huge amount of classified loans. Government tries to improve the situation. Mercantile Bank Limited was incorporated in Bangladesh as a Public Limited Company with limited liability under the Bank Companies Act 1991on 20 May 1999 and commercial operation on June 1999. The Bank went for public issue of shares on in 2003 and its shares are listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange. 1. 1. Origin of the Report: This report has been prepared as a requirement of the internship program based upon the Mercantile Bank where my organization supervisor is Anjon Azad, senior executive officer, Dhanmondi Branch, Mercantile Bank Ltd. And my institution supervisor is Abdullah Mohammed Ibrahim Department of Business Administration, Northern University, Bangladesh. My institute supervisor duly approved the topic decided for doing the report. Since the BBA program is an integrated, practical and theoretical method of learning, the students of the program are required to have practical exposure in any kind of business organization in last term of this course. Page 2 of 53 1. 2. Background of the Report: Business world is becoming very much complex day by day. Without sufficient practical experience business become difficult and in some cases impossible. The whole world is moving because of Business relation. Business plays a very important role in developing economy of a country. So, in the business world practical experience is regarded as a media through home we have an acquaintance with the real world. As a BBA program is integrated theoretical and practical method of teaching students of this program are required to have practical exposure in own different major discipline in the presiding years of their courses. I was authorized to prepare a report on General Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited, for partial fulfillment of my course requirement. 1. 3. Objective of the Report: This paper is prepared with a view to highlight my three months period banking experience through the analysis of products and services available at Mercantile Bank. The objectives of this report are: To get an overall idea about Mercantile Bank. ? Gather potential knowledge about general banking of MBL. ? To show available product and services. ? To analysis the unique features of MBL. ? To identify the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats for MBL. ? To suggest ways of improving the service quality that accommodates a rapidly growing customer volume. Page 3 of 53 1. 4. Methodology of the stu dy Data collection: Source of data of this report can be divided into two categories: Primary source: The method of collecting primary data will be mostly limited to formal and informal interviewing. I have planned to interview top level (in-charge of the division), mid level managers to gain insights of their ways of doing business. I understand that they are important and busy people. Therefore my interview schedule will be subject to their availability. Secondary source: As for collecting secondary information. I will review any and all related publication available to me such as Banks annual report, brochures etc. Moreover. I will also use the internet to visit bank? s global website and other related web pages for any information related to my study. 1. 5. Scope of the report I have worked as an internee in Mercantile Bank (Dhanmondi branch), which is one of the most successful banks in our country. When I was there I worked in different sections of this Bank. These were Account opening section, Collection Clearing section, Cash section and accounts section. The main scope of this study is the findings regarding MBL? s products services availability techniques. Many aspects of the operation product diversification along with the production technology of MBL could be adopted by our planners to design our banking sector into a real effective one. This report may act like a guide in revealing some of the important aspects of MBL. Page 4 of 53 1. 6. Limitation of the report ? Limitation of time was one of the most important factors that shortened the present study. Due to time limitation many aspects could not by discussed in the present study. ? Availability of critical information is crucial to my analysis. Some of the information can be deemed too confidential by the management, especially the ones regarding corporate strategies, information on matrix system or credit scoring method and strategies they follow to hold its competitiveness in the market. Hence, access to that information will be restricted, which may limit the scope of my analysis. As I had more dependencies on the primary sources , so there might be some level of inaccuracy with those collected information through adequate verification and crosschecking was used to minimize the error level . Page 5 of 53 A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities. Banks primarily provide financial services to customers while enriching investors. Government restrictions on financial activities by banks vary over time and location. Banks are important players in financial markets and offer services such as investment funds and loans. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. You read "General Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited" in category "Essay examples" Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and nonfinancial businesses. 2. 1 Background of Mercantile Bank Limited (MBL) Banking system occupies an important place in a nation? s economy. A banking institution is indispensable in a modern society. It plays pivotal role in the economic development of a country. Against the background of liberalization of economic policies in Bangladesh, Mercantile Bank is a well known Bank in our country and the one, believe in „service to client with efficiency?. Within a short period of its operation the bank has already gained a confidence in the minds of its clients. The success is primarily attributed to bold decisionmaking, efficient and cordial services, economic use of resources and introduction of new financial products and technologies . The continued endeavors of the Management and Staff of the Bank under prudent guidance and timely support of the Board of Directors have substantially contributed to success of the Bank. Mercantile Bank Ltd. s committed to provide high quality services to its constituents through different financial products and profitable utilization of fund and contribute to the growth of GDP of the country by financing trade and commerce, helping industrialization, boosting export, creating employment opportunities for the educated youth and encouraging micro-credit leading to poverty alleviation and improving the quality of life of the people and thereby contributing to the overall socio-economic development of t he country. During this short span of time the MBL has been successful to position itself as a progressive and dynamic financial institution in the ountry. The MBL has been widely acclaimed by the business community, from small entrepreneurs to large traders and industrial conglomerates, including the top rated corporate borrowers for forwarding-looking business outlook and innovative financing Page 6 of 53 solutions. Thus within this very short period of time it has been able to create an image for itself and has earned significant reputation in the country? s Banking Sector as a bank with vision 2. 2 Vision: â€Å"Would make finest corporate citizen† 2. 3 Mission Will become most caring, focused for equitable growth based on diversified deployment of resources, and nevertheless would remain healthy and gainfully profitable bank. 2. 4 Objectives . Strategic Objectives To achieve positive Economic Value Added (EVA) each year. To be market leader in product innovation. To be o ne of the top three financial institutions in Bangladesh in terms of cost efficiency. To be one of the top five financial institutions in Bangladesh in terms of market share in all significant market segments we serve. . Financial Objectives To achieve a return on shareholders? equity of 20% or more, on average. Core Values For customers: ? Providing with caring services by being innovative in the development of new banking products and services. For Shareholders: ? Maximizing wealth of the bank. For the employees: ? Respecting worth and dignity of individual employees devoting their earnings for the progress of the bank. Page 7 of 53 2. 5 Mercantile Bank at a Glance: Page 8 of 53 2. 6 Milestones in the development of the organization Page 9 of 53 2. 7 Management Structure of MBL The bank is proud to have exemplified the true concept as „Banglar Bank?. The Bank launched several financial products and services since its inception. Among them Page 10 of 53 3. 0 Overview of Dhanmondi Branch, of MBL. Mercantile Bank Ltd. Dhanmondi Branch started its journey since 1999. It is the 2nd branch from the establishment. This branch is the second largest branch also. This branch is situated in Dhanmondi, Road number 27, House name- Sima Blossoms, 1st floor. Recently this branch shifted to this new office premises for providing better services to the customers. This branch is an authorized dealer of foreign exchange trade. The branch In-Charge is an Executive Vice President (EVP). Dhanmondi Branch is situated in a prime location of Dhanmondi area. This is a busy and important area of Dhaka city. Mercantile Bank Dhanmondi Branch has a good reputation through the customers of Dhanmondi and some other nearest areas. The total number of accounts and other deposits schemes are increasing day by day. Customers are very satisfied with the services of this branch. As a result this branch has become an icon branch of this area. Mercantile Bank Dhanmondi Branch is working for strengthen the economy of the country. 3. 1 Departments of Dhanmondi Branch: Mercantile Bank Dhanmondi Branch has three main departments and it has some other sub departments also. A. General Banking Department i. Account opening ii. Clearing iii. Cash iv. Card division etc. v. FDR B. Credit Department C. Foreign Exchange Department Page 11 of 53 3. 2 MBL Dhanmondi Branch Hierarchy: Figure: MBL Dhanmondi Branch Hierarchy. At branch level all the decisions are taken by the branch manager. But rules and regulations are set at the Head Office. Branch manager has supreme power to final disbursement of the facility to the customer. Assistant vice president coordinates all the function of the branch as Manager-Operation. Executive Vice President (Branch) Manger (Branch)Manger )))))))))))Manager) Vice President (Manager) Operation Assistant Vice President First Assistant Vice President Principal Officer Senior Executive Officer Executive Officer Probationary Officer Assistant Officer Page 12 of 53 Figure: Depicts departments of the MBL MERCANTILE BANK LIMITED DHANMONDI BRANCH LIST OF EXECUTIVES OFFICERS Total Number of Executives Officers 47. SL. NO DESIGNATION NUMBER OF OFFICERS 01 Executive vice precedent(EVP) 01 02 Vice precedent (VP) 01 03 First vice precedent (FVP) 01 04 Assistant vice Precedent (AVP) 02 05 First assistant vice precedent (FAVP) 05 06 Principal officer (PO) 03 7 Senior executive officer (SEO) 05 08 Executive officer (EO) 07 09 Probationary officer (Prob. Off) 02 10 Officer (OFF) 08 11 Assistant officer (AO) 07 12 Trane assistant officer (TAO) 05 Page 13 of 53 Dhanmondi Branch Sima Blossom House No. 390 (Old), 03 (New) Road No. 27 (Old), 16 (New) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka -1209 Phone : 9130500, 9142691 Mobile : 01755-500192 Fax : 88-02-8126768 HOB: Syed Ahmad ul Karim, EVP 3. 3 Yearly profit performance of Dhanmondi Branch: ( BDT in million ) 2009 2010 2011 102. 91 123. 54 138. 89 Table – 17: Profit of Dhanmondi branch Fig – 10:Profit of Dhanmondi branch Interpretation : The figure shows that the profit of the Dhanmondi branch in year 2009 is 102. 91 which increases at a higher rate in 2010 is 123. 54 and we follow on graph 2011 is profit 138. 89 million. Page 14 of 53 4. 0 Internship duties and responsibilities As partial requirement of BBA Program I get attached Mercantile Bank Ltd (MBL). To complete my internship program and it? s really a great opportunity for me to acquire practical knowledge and experiences from such a renowned bank. My internship period started at 1st March to 31 May 2012 in Bank ( Dhanmondi Branch). In this time it was very important for me where practical experience gathered. Those 3 months of Internship program I have learned about general banking and especially emphasis on loan advances on MBL (Dhanmondi Branch) 4. 1 Nature of the job The 3 months of my internship program I was required to learn various types of banking tasks, which assigned by the officers of different department. In this period I am working with all departments but in a major portion of time I spend in general banking departments . Reception is the department in which the first interaction between the customer and the bank takes place. Since the first impression is the long lasting impression, the quality, customization and response time of this department is very important. Different types of activities are conducted here. My daily working hour started at 10:00am as banking hour started and ends normally 6:00pm or more. My daily task was as follows: ? Opening new accounts ? Issuing pay-order, ? Deliver ATM card, ? Issuance Activation of ATM card, ? Providing Deposit book 4. 2 Opening new accounts: The relationship between the bank and its customer starts with opening an account. There are different types of accounts considering different customer types and requirements. Savings account Current account Short Term Deposit (STD) account Fixed Deposit Receipt (FDR) account The following formalities must be completed by the customer of MTBL. ? Application on the prescribed form. Page 15 of 53 ? Furnishing photograph. ? Introduction by an account holder ? Transaction profile form ? KYC form ? Putting specimen signatures in the specimen card. ? Mandate if necessary. After fulfilling the above formalities, SJIBL provides customers a pay in slip book and cheque book. 4. 3 Issuing pay-order: Pay order is always account payable. At first, the applicant fill up the form than pays the amount of a Pay Order. At the same time, PO is used to send money within the clearing area only. When it will be posted than write in Pay Order Block correctly. 4. 4 Deliver ATM card: When issued a ATM card than inform the customer by phone call for receiving his/her ATM card with Pin no. 4. 5 Issuance Activation of ATM card: When an applicant applies for an ATM card then it must be issued to ATM department. After issuing card when will it receive then after 24 hours it will be active. 4. 6 Providing Deposit book: A deposit slip is needed to deposit money in an account. The customer service department provides deposit slip to the customer. 4. 7 Analysis of Data used in the office A bank has different types of statements where I analyzed some of the documents like list of statements of general banking division; Statement of General Banking Division: These is one kind of statement, which must be produced from the general banking division on a regular basis such as daily position statement, statement of affaire, income tax on Page 16 of 53 profit, VAT on banking service, VAT on LC etc. these statements are generally produced on daily, monthly, weekly basis 4. 8 Learning points During my 3 months internship program I have learned different kinds of things which are as follows; 4. 9 New account opening system: There are different types of accounts considering different customer types and requirements. Savings A/C, Current A/C, Fixed Deposit (FDR), STD A/C. Being fulfilled the above requirements; a new account is opened through the software â€Å"Flora†. An ID is created for the account holder (In case of Individual? s account or Organization? s), or one ID each for each of a joint account. One person/organization can have only one ID using which he/it can have several accounts. When created Customer ID then add amount of deposit, if it is current or saving then the introducer? s information also necessary. When giving all information properly then this record will be saved on software â€Å"Flora† and a account serial number will be given 4. 10 Issue of new check book: Issues of check book have several steps. When a account is open then account holder receive a thanks letter. Then we verify his/her signature and issue a check book but its deferent criteria for a old account holder. He/she just give a requisition for a new check book if previous book is finished. . 11 ATM card: I also learned about how to a ATM card issue and how to active. First I prepare ATM form then verified the signature. After verification I send it to IT department for issuance. After issue ATM card I just send a activation letter on IT department after 24 hours then it will be active. Page 17 of 53 4. 12 Pay order In a pay order first the form should be fill up where it issued , amount of money, the name of client. After that the vat and commission will included. When received cash then the pay order block prepared where in front of the page in block letter â€Å" NOT OVER . TK ONLY† was written. 4. 13 KYC form competition KYC stands for Know Your Customers. In that form the clients full information? s are given like earning source, which documents they submitted for their identification, amount of money deposited/withdraw in a month. 4. 14 Besides of these I have learned the following things ? During my internship in MTBL, I have learned how to maintain discipline. ? During my internship period, I found everybody follow strict timeout. Every employee enter the office at right time, or before the right time and also leave office at due time. Nobody can leave office at least 6. 30pm. Every works perform in time. ? I have learned how to handle the customers in an efficient way and make a good relationship for office purpose. Page 18 of 53 5. 0 General Banking of mercantile Bank limited at Dhanmondi Branch General Banking is the heart of banking business. This is the primary and important department of a branch. Though it is a very complex process but the officers of Dhanmondi Branch? s are provides excellent service. For this the customers of this branch are very satisfied for operating their account in this branch. Activities of General Banking Department In Dhanmondi Branch General Banking consists: ? Account Opening Section ? Deposit section ? Remittance Section Cash Section ? Clearing Section ? Accounts Section ? Check Book Issue Section ? Locker Section 5. 1 Account Opening Section Account opening is the gateway for clients to enter into business with bank. It is the foundation if banker customer relationship. By open account bank collect deposit form individual. And deposit is the lifeblood of Banking Business. Various rule and regulation Page 19 of 53 are maintained for open an account. A customer can open different types of deposit account through this section. Such as, 1. Demand Deposit Account a) Current Deposit Account (CD A/C) b) Savings Banks Account (SB A/C) 5. 1. 1 Current Deposit Account (CD A/C) While opening Current Deposit (CD) account, Branch shall follow detail procedures including KYC (Know Your Customer) as stated under â€Å"General Procedure for opening Bank Account† Balance in Current Deposit Accounts is payable on demand and thus the A/C holder is allowed to deposit and withdraw any sun of money from his / her/ their account any time within transaction hours. No interest is paid in Current Deposit Account. Persons / Concerns Eligible for Opening Current Deposit Account (CD A/C) Current Deposit Account is suitable for business transactions because of no restriction on withdrawal either in amount or frequency. Branch may open a Current Deposit Account in the name of: o Individuals o Two or more persons jointly o Sole Proprietorship o Partnership Firms o Limited Companies (Both Public and Privet) o Societies / Clubs / Associations o Govt. / Semi Govt. Offices / Corporations o Others ? Introduction of Current Deposit Account Bank, for opening of new CD account may accept introduction from another CD / STD / SB account holder having prolonged relationship with the bank and track of satisfactory transactions. Introduction by a reputed person of the locality is also acceptable. ? Initial and Minimum Deposit for Current Deposit Account Page 20 of 53 New Current Deposit Account is to be opened minimum deposit of BDT 5,000 in Urban Branch and BDT 2,000 in Rural Branch, which will be treated as minimum balance in respective account and balance should preferably be maintained always. Branch shall recover Commitment Fees @ BDT 500 from CD A/C twice a year, provided it does not run below the minimum balance at any time for any reason whatsoever. a) Savings Bank Account (SB A/C) This account has been designed and developed for individual savers and as such it is not usually suitable for business concerns as there are restriction of withdrawal in both amount and frequency. Savings Account may be opened in the name of: Individual Two or more individual (joint) who are not partners Clubs / Societies / Association / non-profit organization. Introduction: Savings A/C may be introduced by a running CD / STD / SB Account holder, who have sufficient balance and satisfactory transaction in the accounts. Banks Officials may introduce SB Accounts mentioning their power of Attorney (PA) provided they know the person very well. The branch, while opening a savings A/C, shall follow derail procedure including KYC formalities embodied in the â€Å"General Procedure for opening Bank Account† 5. 1. 2 Initial Deposit: For savings Bank account in Urban Areas is BDT 1,000 and in Rural Areas is BDT 500. Interest In savings A/C shall be paid on daily product basis but no interest in savings account is payable for the month if balance in the account falls below BDT 10,000 on any day during the month. Besides above, interest shall not be paid in SB A/C for the particular month, when withdrawal in account is more then twice in a week or amount withdrawn in a single cheque exceeds 25% of balance of the account. 5. 1. 3 Time Deposit Account a) Short Term Deposit (STD) b) Fixed Deposit Reset (FDR) c) Scheme Deposit Accounts Page 21 of 53 Double Benefit Deposit Scheme (DBDS) Family Maintenance Deposit (FMD) Monthly Savings Scheme (MSS) Quarterly Benefit Deposit Scheme 1. 5 Times Benefit Deposit Scheme Advance Benefit Deposit Scheme (ABDS) N: B: Savings Banks Account (SB A/C) is also taking a time deposit account. a) Short term Deposit (STD) A/C STD A/C is middle in CD SB A/C. By this, Account holder can make transaction in his / her wish as a current account but he or she gets some interest. The rate of interest is 5% per annual. This interest is paid on daily basis. Initial deposit for opening STD A/C is BDT 50,000. In STD A/C maintained average balance 1 lac. If it is not maintained in any month of the year then no interest is provide in this month of this year. ) Fixed Deposit Rate (FDR) Opening FDR A/C: Bank opens FDR who is Bangladeshi Citizen. And the minimum amount is BDT 10,000. Bank provides a FDR form, Customer need to fill up this form properly. Than the in charge officer chick the form properly, main things is Date and Amount, Maturity Date, Interest Rate, Source of Fund, Customer Signature and one cop y passport size photograph of both account holder and nominee etc. Interest rate Maturity Interest Rate 12 Month and Above 11. 50 % 6 Month 11. 50 % 3 Month 9. 50 % Page 22 of 53 Page 23 of 53 5. 2 Rules of Opening an Account Now-a-days under the strict monitoring of Bangladesh Bank, there are several criteria that a client must fulfill as he/she/an organization wishes to open an account. The basic criteria are discussed below: ? Account Opening Form (AOF) duly filled signed ? Signature cards properly signed ? Applicant introduced by an authorized person such as account holder or employee of MTBL or by a respectable person acceptable to the bank ? Two copies of passport sized photographs which are attested by the introducer ? Name of nominee written and photograph of the nominee(s) attested by the applicant Photocopy of passport (attested) or photocopy of National ID card or letter of introduction by the employer or certificate issued by chairman of Union Parishad or Ward commissioner ? TIN (if available) ? Customer transaction profile form properly filled in and signed. ? Apart from proof of identify branch must also obtain proof address to confirm if customers address is genuine. Although this verifica tion partly done through â€Å"Thanks Letter†. ? KYC profile form (properly filled in, signed and approved) for high net worth customers falling under the following criteria: ) New customers whose initial deposit is more than Tk. 50. 00 lac (initial means within one month of A/C opening) ii) Existing customers whose total AUM (Asset under Management) grow to more than Tk. 50 lack for three consecutive months. 5. 2. 1 In The Name of Individual The client has to fill up an account opening form. Terms and conditions are printed on the back of the form. The form contains the declaration clause, special instructions etc. two copies of passport size photograph duly attested by the introducer are affixed with the form. Page 24 of 53 5. 2. In Joint Name In this type, the formality is same as individual account, but in the special instruction clause, either or „survivor? or „former or survivor? clause is marked. 5. 2. 3 Proprietorship In addition the customer has to submit the valid Trade License and Tax Paying Identification Number (TIN) along with the application. 5. 2. 4 Partnership In case of partnership account, the bank asks for, ? A copy of the partnership agreement (Partnership Deed) ? A letter signed by all the partners containing the following particulars. ? The name and addresses of all partners The nature of the firm? s business ? The name of the partner authorized to operate the account in the name of the firm, including the authority to draw, endorse and accepting the bills and mortgage and sell the properties belonging to the firm. 5. 2. 5 Limited Company On having the desire to open an account from a limited company, an MTBL Bank Officer asks for the following documents: ? Registration Certificate from the Registrar of Joint Stock of Companies ? Certificate of Incorporation ? Certificate of Commencement of Business ? Memorandum of Association ? Articles of Association Copies of Annual Accounts ? Copies of the Board? s resolution, whic h contains a). The name of the persons who have been authorized to operate the bank account on behalf of the company. b). The name of the persons who are authorized to execute documents with the bank on company? s behalf. 5. 2. 6 Societies, Clubs and Associations In case of these sorts of accounts MTBL requires the following documents: ? Registration Certificate under the Societies Registration Act, 1962 ? Copies of Memorandum, Articles of Association ? Resolution of the Managing Committee. Page 25 of 53 Power of Attorney to Borrow 5. 2. 7 Non-Government Organization (NGO) The account opening procedure is same but in exception is that the Registration Certificate from the Social Welfare Department of Government must be enclosed with the application. 5. 3 Closing Bank Account: Customers may request the branch to close his or her account at any time. Again, the bank or the branch without such request may, by force, close the account of its customer on legitimate grounds procedure for closing accounts in such cases are as under: A. Closing of bank account at customers request: On receipt of customers written application for closing his or her account, authorized official shall (i) ascertain its genuineness through verification of signature on the letter of request (ii) obtain approval of head of branch or manager operation to this affect in collect are unused check leaf from the accountholder to destroy (iv) realize specify amount of closing charge and government duty and other dues from the account The branch, however before closing any account shall up to date interest at prevailing rate in the account of the customer after recovering his or her charges with the bank or govt. B. Forced Closing of Bank Account: Branch at its discretion can closed any account office customer if it is not operated as per banks norm. in such situation, it shall serve a written notice under signature of head of the branch and manager operation to the customer which request tio closed the account within specified time. If the customer does not turn up in the time the branch shall close the account and send him or her a payment order with balance amount of his or her account by registered mail under a covering letter signed by head of the branch. 5. 4 Payment Order (PO): A Pay Order, similar to a banker’s cheque is also payable locally, the only difference is that in case of a pay order, the bank is directing the payee bank to pay the amount mentioned on the pay order to the person/organization so mentioned or his order, i. e. any other person/organization. Both pay orders and demand drafts are used by individuals to make transfer payments from one bank account to another. The main difference between the two Page 26 of 53 is that while a demand draft is a written order directing the payment to be made to a third party outside your city, a pay order is drawn for the third party within your city. . 4. 1 Issue of pay Order: For issuing pay order branch shall receive from applicant i) Prescribed application form duly filled in and signed and (ii) required amount of cash /cheque. on receipt of above ,branch shall issue PO in the name of the person or organization specified in the application form amount of PO is to be written further on middle top of pay order ship in block figure in addition to writing of the amount in words and figure in the space provided for on the instrument Branch shall create the following entries while issuing pay order against cash or claque or both Debt cash or purchaser account with claque ? Credit bills payable pay order issue ? Credit income account – commission ? Credit vat on banking service 5. 5 Issue of Cheque Book: While issue 1st cheque book to a new customer, branch shall use prescribe fresh printed cheque requesting from properly fill in and signed by the account holder or authorized name and signature. And make sure that no document or information is pending. While bank issuing a cheque book shall observe required formalities in three areas as under: Area 1- (In cheque requisition slip or application) A. Verify signature and particular appearing on the application for requisition B. Put his or her initial makes to the signature of the account holder as a prove of verification C. Note down series number of new cheque book in the specific space Area 2- (In cheque book) A. Take out a new cheque book from running stock. B. Make sure that all leaf, including requisition slip inserted within the book are intact Page 27 of 53 C. Write down the title of account and account number on the cover page, requisition slip and account number on the cheque leaf D. Affix seal with name of the branch on each leaf of the cheque books. E. Put initial on given space at right hand top corner of each cheque leaf Area 3- (In cheque issue register) A. Enter name of the account holder, account number series number of the particular cheque book in the specified space B. Put his or her initial in relevant column of requisition from to authenticate the entries After completion of all the above formalities authorized official of the branch shall submit the cheque book together with cheque requisition slip as well as the cheque issue register duly prepared and failed in to the head of the branch manager for further verification and authentication. . 6 Locker Facilities: MBL locker service allows the customers to keep their valuable in a safe and secure place and access their at customer? s convenient times. These strong and heat resistant steel lockers lodged in reinforced concrete steel vault, round the clock security guards, sophisticated anti- burglary alarm system provide maximum protection to the valuables of customers. The service charge is yearly Tk. 1500. Condition: ? An application form must be filled up for gate locker. ? Applicant must have a saving Account. ? 2 copies of PP size photographs of the Applicant. 1 copy of PP size photographs of nominee. ? Yearly charge must be paid in advance. ? Security money is refundable at the time of closing. Page 28 of 53 5. 7 Cash Computer Section: The cash section of MBL deals with all types of negotiable instruments, cash and other instruments and treated as a sensitive section of the bank. It includes the vault, which is used as the store of cash, instruments. If the cash stock goes beyond this limit, the excess cash is then transferred to Bangladesh Bank. Keys to the room are kept under control of cash officer and branch in charge. The amount of opening cash balance is entered into a register. After whole days’ transaction, the surplus money remains in the cash counter is put back in the vault and known as the closing balance. Money is received and paid in this section. Functions of this Section are: ? Receiving cash ? Paying cash ? Issuing vouchers ? Making Proper entries in the ledgers 5. 7. 1 Cash Receipt: ? At first the depositors fill up the Deposit in Slip. There are two types of deposit in slip in this branch. One for saving account and another for current account. ? After filling the required deposit in slip, depositor deposits the money. Officers at the cash counter receives the money, count it, enter the amount of money in the scroll register kept at the counter, seal the deposit in slip and sign on it with date. ? Then this slip is passed to another officer who enters the scroll number given by the cash counter in his/her register along with the amount of the money, sign the slip and keep the banks’ part of the slip. Other part is given to the depositor. ? All deposits of saving account are maintained by one officer and other accounts by another officer. Page 29 of 53 5. 7. 2 Cash Payment: First of the entire client comes to the counter with the check and give it to the officer in charge there. The officer checks whether there are two signatures on the back of the cheque and checks his balance in the computer. After that the officer will give it to the cash in charge. ? Then the cash in charge verifies the signature from the signature card and permits the officer in computer to debit the client’s account by giving posting. A posted seal with teller number is given ? Then the cheque is given to the teller person and he after checking everything asks the drawer to give another signature on the back of the cheque. If the signature matches with the one given previously then the teller will make payment keeping the paying cheque with him while writing the denomi nation on the back of the cheque. ? If the instrument is free of all kind of error the respected officer will ask the bearer to sign on the back of it. ? He will then put his/her initial beside the bearers’ signature. S/he will also sign it on its face, will write down the amount by red pen and will put on a scroll number from his/her scroll register. ? Then the cheque will be sent to the cash counter. At the cash counter bearer will be asked again to sign on the back of the instrument. The cash officer will then enter the scroll number in his/her register and will pay the money to the bearer. ? At the end of the day these scroll numbers of the registers will be compared to ensure the correctness of the entries. Page 30 of 53 5. 8 Clearing Section When a customer of Mercantile Bank Limited presents an instrument drawn on other bank for collection, the instrument is collected through clearing house of Bangladesh Bank. Mercantile Bank Limited, Local Office takes part in the cle aring function on behalf of fifteen branches of Mercantile Bank Limited; functioning inside or outside of Dhaka city. The instruments are sent to those banks through clearing arrangement. Every day two houses are arranged; one in the morning and another in the evening. The evening house is known as return house. Everyday instruments drawn on different banks are sent to the clearing section of Local Office from those fifteen branches. The function of the clearing department can be divided into two parts. ? Inward Clearing ? Outward Clearing 5. 9 Bills Section Customers of Mercantile Bank Limited, Local Office submit many instruments in the bills section for collection. Bills section plays a vital role in collecting these bills. The bills submitted for collection can be divided into two categories. 5. 10 FDR BCD section These are deposits, which are made with the bank for a fixed period specified in advance. The bank needs not to maintain cash reserve against these deposits and therefore, bank gives high rate of interest on such deposits. A FDR is issued to the depositor acknowledging receipt of the sum of money mentioned therein. It also contains the rate of interest and the date on which the deposit will fall due for payment. Page 31 of 53 5. 11 Procedure of Opening Fixed Deposit Account: Before opening a Fixed Deposit Account a customer has to fill up an application form which contains the followings: a) Amount in figures b) Beneficiary’s name and address c) Period d) Rate of interest e) Date of issue f) Date of maturity g) How the account will be operated ( singly or jointly) h) Signature(s) i) F. D. R. no. j) Special instructions (if any) After fulfilling the above information and depositing the amount, FDR account is opened and a FDR receipt is issued and it is recorded in the FDR Register which contains the following information: a) FDR account no. b) FDR (Fixed Deposit Receipt) no. c) Name of the FDR holder with address ) Maturity period e) Maturity date f) Interest rate 5. 12 Payment of Interest: In case of Fixed Deposit Account the bank does not have to maintain a cash reserve. So Mercantile Bank Limited offers a high interest rate in Fixed Deposit accounts. It is usually paid on maturity of the fixed deposit. NCCBL calculates interest at each maturity date and provision is made on that â€Å"Miscellaneous creditor expenditure payable accounts† is debited for the accrued interest. Page 32 of 53 5. 13 Interest Rate Rate of Interest varies depending on the period of maturity date. Duration Rate of Interest 3 months 9. 00-9. 25% 6 months 9. 5-9. 50% 12 months 9. 75-10. 50% 24 months 10. 25-11. 25% 36 months 10. 75-11. 50% Table 4: Interest Rate of MBL 5. 14 Renewal of FDR: The FDR becomes automatically renewed for like periods and amounts, unless this are withdrawn by the depositor or, the bank notifies the depositor in writing at least 15 days in advance of the original Or, any renewed maturity date (s) of its desire to terminate the account or change any term and condition of the account. Page 33 of 53 6. 1 Customer Satisfaction Level of MBL Dhanmondi Branch During the Internship I worked in general banking activities of Mercantile Bank Ltd. And learned about the process of opening bank account, and different types of process. When I worked in general banking desk I was also placed in customer relation desk. By working in customer relations desk I observed that there was lack of services they provide to customers. That? s why customers are not fully satisfied. So I developed a questionnaire to measure the service quality and customer satisfaction of MBL. In this I have used primary data to analysis level of customer satisfaction on MBL. I collected data from survey through questionnaire; 30 respondents participated in this survey. After collecting data I used SPSS software to get an output which represents the level of customer satisfaction of MBL Dhanmondi Branch. 6. 2 Mercantile Bank uses Modern Equipment. Figure no. 6. 1. 1 This figure shows that the neutral response of the customer is 14. On the other hand the agree respondent is 11 and disagree respondent is 5. Most of the clients represent their opinion neutral. So MBL Dhanmondi Branch should increase their technology based services for customers. Page 34 of 53 6. 3 MBL provides services which is not provided by other bank Figure no. 6. 1. 2 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent their opinion neutral statement. So MBL should improve their service to satisfy customer needs and demands. Page 35 of 53 6. 4 MBL has friendly environment Figure no. 6. 1. 3 This figure shows that the neutral response of the customer is 10. On the other hand the agree respondent is 14 and disagree respondent is 4 and strongly agree respondent is 2. most of the respondents represent agree with this statement. So the customers are satisfied with the environment of Dhanmondi Branch of MBL. Page 36 of 53 6. 5 Customer of MBL feels secure transaction. Figure no. . 1. 4 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent agreed with this statement. So the customer feels secure transaction with Dhanmondi branch. Page 37 of 53 6. 6 MBL provides prompt service to customer. Figure no. 6. 1. 5 This figure shows that the neutral response of the customer is 12. On the other hand the agree respondent is 1 and disagree respondent is 17. M ost of the respondents represent disagree with this statement. So the customers are not satisfied with the promptness of employee at Dhanmondi Branch of MBL. Page 38 of 53 6. 7 Employees of MBL show sincerity when customers face problem. Figure no. 6. 1. 6 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent disagree with this statement. So, Employees of MBL should increase their sincerity. Page 39 of 53 6. 8 Are you satisfied with the service of MBL? Figure no. 6. 1. 7 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent their opinion neutral statement. So MBL should improve their services to satisfy customer needs and demands. Page 40 of 53 6. 9 Employees of MBL show equal importance to every customer. Figure no. 6. 1. 8 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent their opinion neutral statement. So Employees of MBL should give priority equally to every customer. Page 41 of 53 6. 10 The process of getting service is easy. The procees of getting service is easy disagree nutral agree Frequency 20 10 0 16 5 9 Figure no. 6. 1. 9 This figure shows that the neutral response of the customer is 5. On the other hand the agree respondent is 16 and disagree respondent is 9. most of the respondents represent agree with this statement. So the customers are satisfied with the service delivery of Dhanmondi Branch of MBL. Page 42 of 53 6. 11 Employees of MBL understand specific needs of customer. Figure no. 6. 1. 10 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent neutral with this statement. So, employees of MBL should give extra emphasis to understand customer needs. Page 43 of 53 6. 12 Are you totally satisfied with the quality of service of MBL? Figure no. 6. 1. 11 In this above figure, most of the respondents represent neutral with this statement. So employees of MBL should increase their service quality. The 16 number of question show that most of the customer choose MBL for its higher interest rate and branching confinement place Most of the respondent were female the age distance between them is 20 -34 Page 44 of 53 SWOT Analysis: Condition of scheme through SWOT Analysis: Manager should consider several factors when assessing an organizations SWOT analysis presented by extensive competitive environments. Once the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats have been identified, the management team is then in a position to complete the SWOT analysis by drawing a conclusion about the attractiveness (or unattractiveness) of the organization? s current situation and the need for strategic action. Strengths: ? The customer can draw whole amount of money at a time. ? Terms and conditions are comparatively low. Huge demand from the customer side. ? In case of loan, the interest is comparatively low. ? On-line banking facilities. ? Provides highest interest rate Strong and experienced for level management. ? They have strong reputation in the market. That means they have a brand image. ? MBL has already achieved a goodwill among the clients that? s helps it to retain valuable clients. Page 45 of 53 Weaknesses: ? MTBL has lack of ATM booth. ? Credit proposal evaluation process lengthy. ? Sometimes untrained employee operates the banking activities. ? No substantive use of annual confidential report to reward or to punish Employee. Hence employee becomes in efficient. ? Some untrained employee operates the banking activities. ? The web site of MBL is not more organized, for that some latest data we cannot collect from the web site. ? The relationship between employees is not very satisfied. But it is very essential for an organization. Opportunities: ? Regulatory environment favoring private sector development ? Wide banking network ? The bank provides the better customer service. ? MBL can use this opportunity to train their employees in specific area ? Low service change and commission than other Bank. To expand the branch Network overall the country. Threats: ? Increased competition in the market for public deposit ? Bangladesh bank sometimes requires private commercial banks to be abide by such rules and regulation which is not suitable every commercial bank. ? Political instability may hamper the environment of the business society. ? Borrowers are having the tendency to be the defaulter. ? Competitors are arising day-by-day. Page 46 of 53 7. 1 Conclusion: From my practical experience, I have reached a concrete conclusion on Mercantile Bank Limited Dhanmondi Branch in a very confident way. I believe that my realization will be in harmony with most of the banking thinkers. It is quite evident that to build up an effective and efficient banking system to the highest desire level computerized transaction is must. The performance of a Banks today competitive business is important. Just few years ago the number of bank was very small. So the competition was not a strong as its today. Things have changed with the emergence of many new banks now the Customers have option to take the one that the best so the current banking business scenario is simply highly competitive. The performance of Mercantile Bank Limited during the Last twelve years has proved that with strong desire and will power one achieve whatever target he may have. Almost all the leading banks in our country have various Extra facilities in offer for the customers in comparison with other Banks but MBL has succeed in achieving more customer than other competitors. This has been possible only because of strong customer relation and excellent customer service . For Bank general banking is hearts . MBL has emerged as the pioneer of playing key role in the country. Page 47 of 53 7. 2 Recommendation: The Mercantile Bank Limited has achieved success in all sectors and ended up with the highest ever-operating profit, which is much higher than that of preceding year. The profound achievement has been possible because of the able leadership, dedicated and committed service provided by all levels of management and stuff and above all the trust and confidence that our valued client had reposed in us. For Mercantile Bank, the days ahead will see this institution to achieve greater highest of glory. The bank should develop their communication between employee and customer. The decision making process should be more fast. Internal control system should be improved so as to increase the brunch productivity. Physical and technological facilities should increase in evaluating credit proposals and also in monitoring the recovery of advances. Experienced and expert personnel should be kept within the banks by considering the goal congruence, which will lead to a quality selection of clients in lending money. Decision making authority should be decentralized to some extent to expedite the lending procedure. The Mercantile Bank Limited has provision for internship program, but it is not well organized. Although the officials are very careful and co-operative with the interns, the authority should be more structured. The bank really uses the Internship program to their advantage by rearranging the whole procedure. Now a day? s world is going very fast. Now most of the banks provide online customer service system. So, in order to compete in the world market they should adopt online banking system. One of the business strategies is promotion. Successful business depends how they can promote their products or services to the customer. To improve the business status, the bank should introduce more promotional programs. The products of deposit and investment should be more diversified and modern. Page 48 of 53 References: Kotler, P. (2004), â€Å"Principles of Marketing†, 10th Edition, Pearson Hall Inc, New Jercy Chapter: 7, 8 10 (pp 216, 232, 234, 309). Kotler p. Killer Lane Kavin (2007-2008), â€Å"Marketing Management†, Prentice- Hall Of India Private Ltd, New Dilhi-110001 India, 12th Edition, Chapter 3, 4 7 (pp 139, 173, 273, 341, 371, 401, 567, 535) Khan A. R. (2011), â€Å"General Banking Banking System†, 2nd Edition, Islami Bank Tanning Research Academy (IBTRA), Bangladesh (pp 68, 69). Retrieved from http://marketingteacher. com/lesson-store/lesson-personal-selling. html, accessed on 05-03-2012; 6. 30pm to 8. 00 pm. Retrieved from http://tutor2u. net/business/marketing/promotion. asp, accessed on 05-03- 2012; 6. 30 pm to 8. 00 pm. Retrieved from http://tutor2u. net/business/marketing/promotion. asp accessed on 28-01- 2012; 07. 45 pm to 12. 00 am. Retrieved from http://www. learnmarketing. net/servicemarketingmix. htm accessed on 05- 04-2012; 6. 30 pm to 8. 00 pm. Retrieved from www. mblbd. com accessed on 01-02-2012; 09. 00 pm to 01. 00 am. Mercantile Bank Limited, (2008-2010) â€Å"Annual Report†, Mercantile Bank Limited, 16 Dilkusha commercial area, Dhaka Bangladesh. Zeithaml. A. Valarie (2005), â€Å"Services Marketing†, 4th edition, TATA McGraw Hill Edition, New Delhi, India, Chapter: 1, 12 (pp 22,26,27, 60, 62,355,366). Page 49 of 53 Mercantile Bank uses Modern Equipment. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 5 16. 7 16. 7 16. 7 Neutral 14 46. 7 46. 7 63. 3 Agree 11 36. 7 36. 7 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 MBL provides services which is not provided by other bank Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 3 10. 10. 0 10. 0 Neutral 14 46. 7 46. 7 56. 7 Agree 13 43. 3 43. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 MBL has friendly environment Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 4 13. 3 13. 3 13. 3 Neutral 10 33. 3 33. 3 46. 7 Agree 14 46. 7 46. 7 93. 3 Strongly agree 2 6. 7 6. 7 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Customer of MBL feels sec ure transaction. Page 50 of 53 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 4 13. 3 13. 3 13. 3 Neutral 7 23. 3 23. 3 36. 7 Agree 18 60. 0 60. 0 96. 7 Strongly agree 1 3. 3 3. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 MBL provides prompt service to customer. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 17 56. 7 56. 7 56. 7 Neutral 12 40. 0 40. 0 96. 7 Agree 1 3. 3 3. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Employees of MBL show sincerity when customers face problem. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Strongly disagree 2 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 Disagree 13 43. 3 43. 3 50. 0 Neutral 12 40. 0 40. 0 90. 0 Agree 3 10. 0 10. 0 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Are you Satisfied with the service of MBL? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Strongly disagree 2 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 Disagree 8 26. 7 26. 7 33. 3 Neutral 13 43. 3 43. 3 76. 7 Agree 7 23. 23. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Page 51 of 53 Employees of MBL show equal importance to every customer. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Strongly disagree 1 3. 3 3. 3 3. 3 Disagree 10 33. 3 33. 3 36. 7 Neutral 18 60. 0 60. 0 96. 7 Agree 1 3. 3 3. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 The process of getting service is easy. Frequency Percent Va lid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 9 30. 0 30. 0 30. 0 Neutral 5 16. 7 16. 7 46. 7 Agree 16 53. 3 53. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Employees of MBL understand specific needs of customer. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Disagree 7 23. 3 23. 3 23. 3 Neutral 13 43. 3 43. 3 66. 7 Agree 10 33. 3 33. 3 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Are you totally satisfied with the quality of service of MBL? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Strongly disagree 2 6. 7 6. 7 6. 7 Disagree 9 30. 0 30. 0 36. 7 Neutral 14 46. 7 46. 7 83. 3 Agree 5 16. 7 16. 7 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Page 52 of 53 Questionnaire for customer Satisfactions Level of MBL Dhanmondi Branch Dear sir or Madam: This is a questionnaire from Northern University Bangladesh to collect data on Customer Satisfactions of â€Å"Mercantile Bank Limited at Dhanmondi Branch†. All the data will be used for academic purposes and will be kept confidential. Please read the following statements which some people agree with and some do not. I would like to know whether you strongly agree(SA), Agree(A), Neutral(N), Disagree(D),or strongly disagree(SD) with each statement. There is no right or wrong answers. Please circle (0) the number that represents your opinion most correctly. SL. Measurement Scale SA A N D SD 01 Mercantile Bank use modern Equipment. 5 4 3 2 1 02 MBL provides service which is not provided by other bank. 5 4 3 2 1 03 MBL has friendly Environment. 5 4 3 2 1 04 Customer of MBL feel Secure transaction. 4 3 2 1 05 MBL giving prompt service to customer. 5 4 3 2 1 06 Mercantile bank Service is better than other Bank. 5 4 3 2 1 07 Employees of MBL show sincere when customer face problem. 5 4 3 2 1 08 Are you satisfying the service of MBL? 5 4 3 2 1 09 Employee of MBL show equal importance to every customer 5 4 3 2 1 10 The process of getting service s is easy. 5 4 3 2 1 11 Employee of MBL is very helpful. 5 4 3 2 1 12 Employee of MBL understand specific need of customers. 5 4 3 2 1 13 The knowledge of the bank? s personnel in answering customer questions properly. 5 4 3 2 1 Page 53 of 53 14 MBL having convenient operating hours. 4 3 2 1 15 Overall I am satisfied with quality of service of the Mercantile bank. 5 4 3 2 1 16. Why you choose MBL for your transaction: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Personal Information Gender: A. Male B. Female Age: A. 12-19 B. 20-34 C. 35-39 D. 40-49 E. 50-above Profession: i) Student ii) Business iii) Teacher iv) Service Holder v) Other†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Income: i) less than 5000 ii) 10000-25000 iii) 25000-40000 iv) 40000-60000 v) 60000-80000 vi) above 80000 Contact Info: Address: Mob: How to cite General Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited, Essay examples

The Crucible changes Essay Example For Students

The Crucible changes Essay Stories based on rounded, more-realistic characters are often negated because of the idea of them not being as exciting as the latest action film or romantic play. This view applies for the majority of contemporary audiences. If we look deeper into the play it is obvious that Miller has other purposes rather than just the creation of an exciting play. The narrators comments at the beginning of Act 1 are critical of 17th century beliefs of where evil originates in society and the way that the villagers live. The comments give the audience an insight into the hidden agendas such as Abigails plot to steal John that help make The Crucible an exciting play. The beautiful scenery in the film contrasts the evil and helps to highlight Millers criticisms of life in Salem. The audiences perceptions of evil in The Crucible changes. Originally Parris is seen as a good character: he is a reverend, traditionally seen as a good person. He is discovered kneeling beside the bed, evidently in prayer. The audiences perceptions of the reverend as a good man change when the narrator says In history he cut a villainous path, and there is very little good to be said for him. The audience now have an idea of the truth behind the characters actions in the play. Millers purpose for doing this is to show how corrupt society is. John Proctor seems like a bad man because he does not attend church. The audience grow to despise Reverend Parris and loyalty for John Proctor continues to grow until the very end. The real sinner is Parris who plays devils advocate and lies to save his reputation. The real evil is to be found in the hypocrisy of Parris, the injustice of Danforth and the manipulation of Abigail. Hale and Danforth contrast to create tension. Hales ignorance subsides as he realises the truth behind what is happening in Salem and the characters hidden agendas. However, the power placed in Danforths hands serves only to increase his insolence, encourage his unfair logic and blind him further to the real witches in Salem. Danforth is evil in a way different to Abigail. He takes theocracy and autocracy to extremes and his severe misinterpretation of the bible leads to the deaths of many innocent people. Miller challenges the old literary stereotypes of women being portrayed as angels or devils by giving them more complex personas. His purpose for this is not just a criticism of stereotypes but a way of enlightening the audience. The film dumbs down Abigail and Elizabeth by simplifying their characters and increasing the Good/Evil contrast therefore enforcing the old stereotypes. The film adds pathos to Elizabeths situation so that the audience feels sadness and pity. Milers purpose is to create a greater cathartic effect upon the audience watching the film than the play could produce. Miller uses The Crucible to define evil and show what it needs to flourish in any society or time period. At the time of the play being written, The Cold War had the western world shaking with fear. Evil exists in all societies but it could never exist without goodness to juxtapose and compare it to. In truth the potential for evil is unavoidable and exists in the hearts of all men. Millers play was written originally as an allegory for the McCarthyism that swathed 1950s Americans in fear. However, The Crucible can be perceived as an allegory for many other events in history such as the cultural revolution during Chairman Maos reign of China that crippled the country and took it back many decades economically. Miller intends to show that all that evil requires to flourish in any society is an abundance of power placed in the hands of a few. He states that .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .postImageUrl , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:hover , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:visited , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:active { border:0!important; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:active , .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797 .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e2d14cddc70d322fbb30375c0061797:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Proctor expresses EssayOne cannot help noting that one of his lines has never yet raised a laugh in any audience that has seen this play; it is his assurance that We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise. Evidently now we are not quite certain even now whether diabolism is holy and not to be scoffed at. Arthur Miller shows that despite the advancement of the world over 400 years, religion and superstition cannot be dismissed as possible causes for evil in modern society. This thought provoking quote can make the audience look beyond the drama of The Crucible for a deeper meaning. Perhaps perceiving it for an allegory of their own. History repeats itself and Miller intends to show audiences that society may change, but its base principles remain the same. This is why evil will always flourish. The juxtaposition created by bringing the Salem Witch Trials together with McCarthyism highlights the basis for evil. In 1950s American, Joseph McCarthy was the Judge Danforth. He had all of the power and could decide a persons fate. Abigail can be perceived as symbolic for all the grudges, hidden agendas and hypocrisy that put many innocent civilians behind bars during the Cold War. Miller uses characters as a way for audiences to comprehend emotions easily. Abigail is almost a personification for the bad side of human nature. Other characters can be perceived as symbolic for emotions. Elizabeth seems to be the perfect personification of a loving wife. Her first ever lie to save the reputation of her husband John. Her human nature combined with fate leads to his death and this is what makes The Crucible tragic. The Director of the 1997 film version starring Winona Ryder develops the portrayal of evil by challenging contemporary evils such as black slavery and child abuse. His purpose is to raise awareness of evil in modern society and to perhaps prevent them happening in future. The link to child abuse in particular delivers a strong message when recent events such as the kidnapping of Sarah Payne. The film is more graphic in its depiction of child abuse because extra scenes displaying the abuse taking place are added. Arthur Millers purpose for this is to bring out more emotion in the audience because 17th century evils do not have quite the same impact that they used to. In conclusion, I do not agree with Tynans criticisms. Despite his comments I believe that beneath the good an evil personas Arthur Miller has used to make an exciting play are complex personalities of people living in an oppressed society. On a basic level Miller creates an exciting, dramatic play. He provokes thoughts in the audiences with his meaningful criticisms of 17th century society and once explained, his allegorical purposes are clear and an audiences viewpoint on society and its evils can be changed. I am sure that The Crucible will entertain people for many years to come.

The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Essay Example

The Influence of Arabic and Mughal Rulers on The Architecture in South Asia. Essay The human life and its style of functioning are bound to be marked by the architecture of the period, and in that regard, architecture is that unique time-stamp, which one cannot hide, even if one wants to distort or tamper it; instead one ends up providing its activities as the periodic evidence. This is what one would find in the case of the South Asian architecture, where there is a distinct existence of a series of architecture of the older times, ranging from early Vedic era to the twelfth century A.D. though most of them bearing the stamp of periodic doctoring by the Arabic and Mughal rulers.Such was done, understandably, to utilize the already available resources by modifying them according to their need. This act of theirs in most of the places even ignored, or had to ignore the principles of Saracenic architecture, the style they were groomed at. Thus, most of the South Asia, predominated by a chain of Hindu architecture bearing the legacy of their art, culture, history and the nuances of their philosophy has severely been modified and renamed, which at places, can even befool its observer.Accordingly, the written history has also been twisted while accommodating the doctored work without much scrutiny. But then, civilization with its advancement would go on unraveling the truths from the beguiling examples, and the same has now been happening in the field of South Asian architecture, where the modern means of carbon-dating or the utilization of periodic historical data are being systematically used by the researchers worldwide to unfurl the hidden stories of life and time of this region. More stunning are the facts that the architecture itself here is coming out with amazing truth about how they were doctored by the Arabic rulers and forcing the psyche of the region to administer changes in the history. This essay picks up four such examples to put forth the fact that unless raised to the ground, an organized and well-founded architectural style canno t be transformed into another style to the extent of violating the history forever.Origin of Architecture in South AsiaThis region had been a compact and complete example of the Vedic culture, dating back to the earliest possible period of civilization, since when the culture itself nourished and flourished, while its architecture had also been chronicling that journey of civilization, which Arabic rulers tried to abolish firstly with sporadic invasion, and later when they could establish their footing here. The architecture of this region, however, has also chronicled that, again reestablishing the fact that a societys perception about life and living is bound to reflect in its application and the first and foremost tangible exponent of that application has to be its architecture, because it is also a continuous developing process which accommodates or facilitates the not only the perception of the society, but also its evolution. That is why, the examples of the original society a nd its life and time can still be found in series of widespread ordinary and grand architectures here, conforming the same style and architectural principle, which belong to the Hindu culture.The Four Constructions Influenced by Arabic RulersThe four constructions that are chosen for the discussion are all from the northern region of India and around Delhi, the present capital of the country, which also has the record of serving as the capital of various rulers ranging from Vedic period to the British, let alone the short and moderate stints of the Arabic and Mughal rulers. According to the recorded evidence, the Tomar king Anangapal built the 1st town at the Dillika village in 737 AD, called it Lal Kot and founded his kingdom. In the 12th century, the kingdom passed away from the Tomars to the Chauhan Rajputs. The last Chauhan king, Prithviraj III built the 2nd town Kila Rai Pithora enclosed by a wall near the Qutab Minar. This essay within its limitation tries to delve into the al l-available versions of the origin of the four constructions of this region, viz., Qwwat al-Islam, Qutab Minar, Fatehpur Sikri and Taj Mahal, before reaching its conclusion.The Qwwat al-Islam MosqueAccording to the recognized definition, the Quwwat-ul-Islam (meaning might of Islam), was constructed following the establishment of Muslim rule from Delhi, which according to the approved data was begun by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak in 1193 and completed 4 years later on the site of Rai Pithora’s Hindu temple. The approved document states that twenty-seven Hindu and Jain temples were leveled to provide enough masonry for the new structure. As a result, the Hindu influence has permeated into the whole complex. Motifs such as tasseled ropes, bells, tendrils, cows and leaves can all be traced on the masonry in richly carved detail. The mosque was enlarged a century later by Sultan Alauddin Khalji, although the extension was never completed.From some researchers point of view, however, this mo sque is a doctored presentation over an earlier structure with elements collected from invasion. As for example, the Iron Pillar (23ft high, situated in the courtyard of the Quwwat-ul-Islam) of the mosque is dated back to the Gupta period with Sanskrit inscriptions from the 4th or 5th century. This pillar was supposedly taken from a Vishnu temple and placed at this site before the construction of the complex. The nature of the materials and style (sandstone, Hindu architectural motifs), etc. also suggest about the same.The Qutab MinarRegarded as the highest stone tower in India, this construction is 239 ft. high, has a diameter of 14.32 meters at the base and about 2.75 meters at the top. The first three storeys are made of red sandstone and are heavily indented with different styles of fluting, alternately round and angular on the bottom floor, round on the second and angular on the third. The fourth and fifth floors are made of marble and sandstone. The door on its northern side l eads inside the tower to a spiral stairway with 379 steps that wind its way up to the balcony in each floor and culminating in a platform at the top. The intricate balconies held together by stalactite vaulting technique and patterned with honeycombing.The minar has survived a series of lightening bolts and earthquakes through centuries and consequently was subjected to rejuvenation acts by different rulers ranging from Mughal to British, which have also caused some thematic deviation to it. As for example when Major R. Smith of the Royal Engineers restored the Qutab Minar in 1829, he replaced the cupola with a Bengal style chhattri, which was again removed in 1848, by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge, because that was considered as misfit to the architectural style of the rest of the minar. Now it stands to the left of the entry path and is known as Smiths folly.In any case, Qutab Minar (axis minaret) is recognized as an Indo-Islamic architectural wonder of ancient India. The historians a ccredit Sultan Qutub-Din Aibak of Slave dynasty as its founder in the year 1199 A.D, when he completed the first storey, while the rest of the five stories were completed by his son-in -law, Illtutmish in 1230. All said and done, the current band of researchers are of the opinion that the panels in the upper part containing serpentine patterns, speak of Hindu lineage, because it has a distinct name, in Hindu architecture as Makara Torana, meaning, emanating from the mouth of a crocodile and this is a common sacred Hindu motif in historic buildings. They also have documented the reverse sides of the stones that fell from the surface of the Minar, which contain Hindu images.Fatehpur SikriThe royal city at Fatehpur Sikri, situated 26 miles west of Agra, stated to be built between 1571 to 1585, by the order of the ruler Akbar. This cluster of buildings speaks of a planned city. Building materials used here are sandstone, red stone, marble, wood, and iron, and it wears a look of compound style of Hindu (the posts) and Arabic architecture (roofs and domes).According to G.E. Kidder Smith, The mere fact of Fatehpurs instant completion is, of course, prodigious but more impressive to us today are the quality, scale, and diversity of its buildings and the spaces they define. Its parts are better than the whole: it lacks, for instance, an orienting spine. It is fresh and innovative architecture, with its vast array of building types represents -like most Moghul building-a fusion of Indian and Islamic cultures. The underlying structure is generally of Hindu post-and-beams, in many cases roofed with Muslim vaults and domes. All is carried out here with cohesive and sympathetic scale: note the neighborhood atmosphere. (82)Fatehpur Sikri blended both Islamic and Hindu elements in their architectural style. One of the buildings even reflects the new syncretistic faith (Din-e-ilahi) founded by Akbar. According to the popular legend, Akbar had built this to mark the birth of hi s son Jangir and so the construction of the new ceremonial capital, with its elaborate palaces, formal courtyards, reflecting pools, harems, tombs and a great mosque, commenced in 1571. A large number of masons and stone carvers worked hard on an area that was over two miles long and a mile wide; they used brilliant red sandstone available locally, which provides the buildings with much of their luster. Shortly after the work was completed fifteen years later, it was realized that there was a lack of an adequate water supply and the pristine complex was abandoned.Fatehpur Sikri is now a World Heritage site. The Panch Mahal, or Palace of Five Storeys, and the Buland Darwaza, a massive gate, which provides entrance to the complex that is rated even by the researchers as a finest specimen of Mughal architecture, to the extent of being the greatest accomplishment of it. Interestingly, they dont bring Taj Mahal into consideration in this regard!Taj MahalFrom Ustad Isa to Geronimo Veroneo , a good many names still do round as its chief architect, if one counts its origination under the regime of Shah Jahan (1630-1653) as true, but none could claim the credit of its design that contains onion-shaped domes and flanking towers on a platform 22 high and 313 square.The present day mausoleum is 57 m (190 ft) square in plan. The central inner dome is 24.5 m (81 ft) high and 17.7 m (58 ft) in diameter, but is surmounted by an outer shell nearly 61 m (200 ft) in height. Corner minarets are 137 tall, while its main structure 186 on a side, dome to 187. It used marbles from Makrana region of Jodhpur, famous for its white marbles.The arrangement of the domes, the lotus canopy, the trident pinnacle, the 22 locked and sealed rooms in the building, the direction of the mosque and its triple domes, the Nagar-khanas, and the surviving Hindu symbolism indicate that it was originally built as a temple complex. The purpose of the minarets is not functional but decorative, and the inspir ation behind them does not appear to be Saracenic. The graves and the Quranic inscriptions upon the marble wall, of course, should be attributed to Shah Jahan.The whole argument about the Taj Mahal being a Mogul construction hinges solely upon the assumption about the origin of the bulbous dome, which certainly is debatable. Havell had emphatically asserted (1-38) that the prototype of bulbous dome existed in the Buddhist stupa and the carvings of Ajanta several centuries before the Mogul invasion. He also asserted that from purely architectural considerations, the inspiration behind the edifice was neither Arab, nor Persian, or, nor European but Indian more Indian than St. Pauls cathedral and Westminster Abbey are English. (13)A large number of researchers claim with several evidences and explanations that the Taj Mahal was already ancient at the time of Shah Jahan and they point out that the general layout of the Taj Complex resembles a Shiva temple. The researchers also cite   the discrepancies in the relevant documents associated with the construction of Taj Mahal, all the while pointing to certain explicitly pertinent questions involving the intention of the construction, by presenting architectural evidences.Thus, the question of antiquity of the Taj Mahal has powerful bearing upon the study of Indian archaeology. It raises certain pertinent questions about the origin, development, influence and classification of one of the important streams of mediaeval architecture. And since an architectural style carries with it the stamp of the contemporary epoch, the above questions have bearing upon the study of Indian history as well. Therefore, it calls for a thorough re-examination of the Mogul architectureparticularly that of Shah Jahan, which Fergusson found it so difficult to reconcile with the style of that period.DiscussionThe major buildings in pre-Islamic India used tradbeate methods of construction. This can be referred to as beam and post constructio n to reflect its most simple form, which, none of the above four constructions are deviated from. Architecture is the time stamp of the civilization of a region. It demonstrates the ability of the society it is generated from. As for example a big mansion reflects its originator on many grounds, ranging from its architectural knowledge to the religious beliefs and affordability, let alone tastes of culture and intelligence of application. All earmarks the heritage of community and it is undeniable that heritage takes time to establish itself, in which cumulative architectural presentation of a group takes centuries before it comes to a state to claim its identity.Here in South Asia, the ancient residents, the Hindu rulers had that scope (since 5000 B.C. approx), while the invaders, i.e., the Arabic rulers did not have that time to establish Saracenic architecture here during their short stint in the region. The main reason, perhaps lies in a package of impediments consisting of clim ate, contra social situations, constant opposition from the native kings, constraint in garnering material, non availability of the engineers, architects and masons skilled in their style of architecture. These factors perhaps forced them to go for makeshift solutions through doctoring and renaming the existing architecture of the region before propagandizing the proprietary over them.ConclusionIn summation, the influence of the Arabic and Mughal architecture is not a widespread and accepted phenomenon in this region, because that never came up here through the usual long-standing process; example like Fatehpur Sikri is not sufficient to prove its influence on the local architecture. However, as with the changed socio-economic and political situation with new rulers, the materials or the quality of the construction have varied at some places, which have no bearing with the Saracenic or Arbic/Mughal styles of architecture.This establishes the fact that locomotion of a society under c ertain climate and culture determines its architecture, which in turn chronicles the journey of civilization in it, which, cannot be abolished totally unless it is totally razed to ground. This is evident in the architecture of the South Asia, where the kings of the earlier times built huge mansions to create the awe in the public mind about their might, the most of which were occupied later by the Arabic and Mughal rulers, who wanted to transform them according to their style, but could not hide the leakage of the history through doctored works. As a result, those structures have become Hindu-Arabic-Mughal compositions, thus chronicling the treatment of time on them.

The Value of the Virgin essays

The Value of the Virgin essays When it comes to powerful religious figures, the Virgin Mary seems to be alone in a Boys Club. Many people look at the Christian faith and assume it favors males because all of its spiritual leaders are male (Jesus, the Apostles, and even God is called He). However, the Virgin Mary does play an important role in the religion. Her influence can be observed, even as early as the Middle Ages. During this time (from about 500 to 1400 or 1500) the Virgin Mary was a symbol whose role gradually grew in importance. The Middle Ages were a time of turmoil and war in Europe. Lands constantly changed their rulers, and plagues ravaged the countryside killing hundreds of poverty stricken people. As these sorrows swam around them in the pool of their dismal lives, the people had no scientific explanations to look to, and therefore turned to faith. Churches and monasteries became some of the most important places on the continent. Also, because of the fall of the Roman Empire and the constant war-fare, trade was nearly impossible and great merchant cities became obsolete, with more and more families leaving their urban homes for more rural ones. It was only the Church, with its monasteries, that provided a source of knowledge, becoming the centers of all things intellectual, including art, and as would be expected, the topic was religion. Because literacy was low, the texts of the time give little insight, while the art presents some clues. In the very early Middle Ages one of the most popular and simple forms of art was the icon. Icons were very small paintings that depicted religious figures such as Mary, Jesus, or various Christian saints. These small pieces ended up causing the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church in 1054 due to arguments over whether they were idols or not. However, it was in Europe where icons were accepted, and therefore had a great influence on the art. The earliest icon ...

Biovail Case

One truck can definately carry $10 million worth of Wellbutrin XL tablet product. 2. How should the company recognize revenue based upon the two possible FOB contract structures mentioned in the case? Since Biovail’s stock is publically owned it needs to file its financial statements with the SEC. The SEC requires that it abide by GAAP. GAAP requires that revenue be recognized when it is earned or realized. Meaning that the company has done everything it is supposed to do; which would include shipment. So Biovail should recognize revenue once its products have reached the Distributor’s FOB. 3. How does the accident affect the stated revenues under different FOB contract structures? Explain your reasoning? If Biovail recognizes revenues when the product leaves Biovail’s FOB shipping point then it is recognizing revenue before it has been earned and realized. Thus abusing accounting accruals and overstating revenues and net income on financial statements, consequently giving stakeholders misleading information. On the other hand, if Biovail recognizes revenue when the product has reached the Distributor’s FOB destination it has recognized revenue when it has been earned and will accurately state revenues and net income on its financial statements. 4. Are you concerned about the company’s treatment of analysts who cover the stock? Would you want to be an analyst covering this company? Yes, it is of concern that Biovail would single out analysts who would downgrade stock recommendations. I would not want to be an analyst covering their stock because it would put me in an uncomfortable position. If there was evidence that Biovail had misleading financial statements my integrity would tell me to tell the truth and give an honest recommendation. However, I would be worried because I would not want an investigation tainting my innocent name and leading to separation from my employment.

Summary of an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary of an article - Essay Example Students use their computer systems to copy music files and download movies and similarly they think that copying and pasting other writers’ work is the same non-serious task. Gabriel mentions a survey which shows that 40% of students admit plagiarizing, and the number of students who consider plagiarism as a serious act is declining with every passing year. Students going to libraries for research work are very few today and since everything is virtual online, thus they do not think that there is any harm in using words that do not belong to them. Students get motivated to use other works through TV shows that copy other shows and music that contains others’ lyrics. They just need a grade to pass the exam and do not mind plagiarizing for this purpose which makes their work unoriginal and unauthentic. Students mix their work with others which keeps them from bringing up new and innovative ideas. However, Gabriel quotes Ms. Wilensky who states that still there are many s cholars who are producing original pieces of work. She asserts that students should be taught to reproduce ideas in their own words right from the start so that they do not plagiarize when they go to

Observational essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observational - Essay Example nt will take forever but when these new students see a familiar starbucks coffee shop in the campus it makes them realize that the environment is not that different. I sat at the Starbucks on campus for three days and observed people in the evening. Starbucks is a very clean and nice place in the university to spend some time. I observed that sometimes its environment get very crowded and they use dividers in order to make a zigzag pattern of lines for managing the crowd. At times Starbucks on campus service can be very fast especially at a time where there is no line at all and other times the crowd as to wait for several minutes to get their order. The sitting arrangement and the environment within this coffee shop is highly comfortable which attracts people to go there and interact with many different people. I have observed that Starbucks on campus was a place of relaxation for students. They use to come there tired, sit, spent some time for relaxing and then get back to the tough routine of the university. One of the major events that I have observed during my three day observation is that there was a student who uses to come to Starbucks on campus as a regular student. His class was very near from the shop so he had a great chance of having coffee daily in the morning at one of the most well known coffee shops at his school. Initially everything was going fine but on the last day of the observation I realized that the student was in a hurry and wanted a coffee. He had some important work to do but the line was moving very slowly. He waited for the turn for around half an hour and soon after some time I heard him screaming that Starbucks on campus is a waste of time. He was screaming and saying that it is better to order a pizza somewhere instead of waiting here for so long and that all for a cup of coffee. Other than this one event my observation for Starbucks on campus went very smoothly and problem free. Starbucks on campus is a place where students can

Powdered zinc and copper sulphate Essay Example for Free

Powdered zinc and copper sulphate Essay Temperature after 1minute (i C) Change in Temperature (i C) 1g 17 19 2 As I had decided I was going to use 40cmiof copper sulphate solution in my experiments I was able to calculate the amount of mols of copper sulphate I was going to use, knowing that the concentration of the CuSO4 was 0. 5m/dmi. Amount of CuSO4 (mols) = concentration x volume = 0. 5 x 0. 04 (40cmi = 0. 04dmi ) = 0. 02mols Know that I knew the amount of CuSO4 used I was able to work out the amount of powdered zinc needed to give the highest change in temperature using the calculation shown below: Amount of substance needed = mass / molar mass (Mr of Zn = 65) therefore mass = amount x Mr = 0. 02 x 65 = 1. 3g Thus 1. 3g of zinc should give me the highest change in temperature. As I am not using exactly 1. 3g of zinc I predict that either 1. 25g or 1. 5g of zinc will show the highest change in temperature. Practical Obtaining my evidence Apparatus: powdered zinc, copper sulphate solution, beaker, measuring cylinder, pipette, balance, 5 evaporating dishes, thermometer, polystyrene cup and lid, stop clock. Method: I measured out amounts of   of the powdered zinc separately, using the balance to ensure accuracy. I put the amounts into the evaporating dishes. Using the measuring cylinder and a pipette, I then put 40cmi of copper sulphate solution into the polystyrene cup, which I placed into a beaker for stability. I then added an amount of zinc, placed the lid and thermometer onto the cup and took the temperature of the solution. After a minute I took the temperature again. I repeated this process for each amount of zinc powder. I completed my experiment three times to each amount of zinc powder. I did it three times to establish an average change in temperature for the different amounts of zinc used. Results: Experiment 1: Amount of Zinc (grams)3 Conclusion: As I predicted 1. 5g of powdered zinc gave me the highest change in temperature. After this amount the change in temperature slowly began to decrease. Between 0. 5g and 1. 5g the temperature change increased rapidly. Specific Heat Capacity of Zinc The specific heat capacity (s. h. c. ) of a material is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1i C or 1K. Different substances take different quantities of heat energy to heat them up. Specific heat capacity = energy released / (mass x temperature rise) As I know this equation I can rearrange it to find the energy released during a reaction. If I also know the amount of a substance used in the reaction I can calculate the specific heat capacity of it. Energy released = temperature rise x specific heat capacity x mass of solution . 76 KJ/mol (exothermic reactions are always negative) From my results I have calculated that the specific heat capacity of zinc is -32. 76. This is inaccurate as from my data book I was able to find that the correct ? H of zinc is -219KJ/mol. This inaccuracy shows that although my results followed the expected trend, they were not accurate. Analysis In my plan I predicted that either 1. 25g or 1. 5g of zinc would show the highest change in temperature. After this mass I predicted that the change in temperature would either decrease or level off. This is what happened. In my average results 1. 5g of zinc gave me the highest change in temperature and after this the increase in temperature decreased because a layer of copper formed on the zinc, thus making it less reactive. If I were to continue with my experiments I would investigate higher amounts of zinc to prove this theory completely. In all of my experiments the copper sulphate lost its blue colouring and the zinc became red in colour. The copper compounds in copper sulphate cause the solution to be blue in colour. As the zinc displaced the copper, the solution lost its colour. As the copper layer formed on the zinc it became red, as copper is a red metal. My graphs show the general trend that I predicted and concluded on yet there were a few anomalies. I believe that these will have been caused by factors such as contamination and heat loss to the surroundings. The thermometer may also have been inaccurate. An exothermic reaction is one which gives out energy to the surroundings, usually in the form of heat and usually shown by a rise in temperature. I have successfully proved that the reaction between powdered zinc and copper sulphate is exothermic as I recognised a rise in temperature in all my experiments. I have also shown that the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate is a redox reaction (see my plan). Evaluation The anomalies in my results prove that there were points during my investigations where my accuracy left a little to be desired. An inaccuracy occurred in my time keeping, as there was often a small difference in when I began timing e. g. when I added the zinc or when I secured the lid on top of the polystyrene cup. Overall even though my experiment was open to some inaccuracies I believe it was accurate enough to support my predictions. To improve my results I would increase the period of timing from 1minute to 5minutes so that the temperature could be allowed to rise more. I would extend my investigations into the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate by using a finer powder of zinc, which would give it a larger surface area, to see if this would cause the temperature to rise more rapidly. I would also like to complete the experiments using better equipment to prevent heat loss to the surroundings, to see if it has an effect on my results and thus, my conclusion. I would have liked to use better equipment in my practical but they were not available. If I had more time I could use different metals and different solutions to further test the displacement rule e. g. the reaction between magnesium and zinc sulphate. Sources: G. C. S. E Chemistry Revision Guide Richard Parsons Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.